Abstract

Climate change is one of the greatest ecological and social challenges of the twenty - first century.Sociologist have made important contribution to our knowledge of the human drivers of contemporary climate change, including better understanding of the effect of social structure and political economy on national green house gase emission,the interplay of power and politics in the corporate sector and in policy systems,and the factors that influence individual actions by citizens and consumers.Sociology is also poised to make importance contributions to the study of the climate justice across multiple lines of stratification, including race, class , gender, indigenous identify sexually and queerness and disability , and to articulate the effect of climate change on our relationship to non human species.To realise its potential to contribute to the societal discourse on climate change,sociology must become theoretically integrated engaged with other disciplines,and remain concerned with issues related to environmental and climate inequalities.

Keywords:- Climate Change, Environmental Sociology and Green House Gases.

Introduction

Climate and Society Interacting

In 2018 , the US National Climate Assessment concluded that the "earth 's climate is now changing faster then at any point in the history of modern civilization, primarily as a result of human activities" Koch et al suggests that the so called Little Ice Aged(LIA) of the sixteenth to nineteenth century may have driven in part by the great Killing of the sixteenth century, when Europeans, through direct violence and desease, caused that death of much of the indegenous human population in the Americas. The resulting reduction in human activities lead to vegetarian changes that removed substantial carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and thus contributed to a cooling and highly variable climate. In turn, the LIA has a strong influence on social change around the globe. Of course, the LIA had multiple causes, and the contribution to it by the European incursion into North America will continue to be analysed. But as this tragic history demonstrates, climate change has complex causes and consequences that are clearly issues worthy of sociological investigation. Here, we review sociological research on the drivers of climate change and the implications of climate change for social justice. We conclude with observations about how sociology can most effectively engaged the subject. Even with this reduced scope, we can cite only a few highlights from the literatures we engaged, but we reorganized the vast conversation behind each citation. In particular, space limits prevent any detailed tracing of the intellectual history of many of the topics. Thus, our goal is to provide readers with an overview and entry points to current and ever - evolving work.By the end on nineteenth century, it was clear that shifts in atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) could change planetary climates. Since the industrial revolution, especially starting in the mid -twentieth century , human actions have increased the atmospheric concentration of (GHGs), CO2, methane, nitrous oxides, and chlorofluorocarbons , while also decreasing the albedo or reflectivity, of the earth surface. Climate refers to long term patterns of weather, including temperature, precipitation, and storm events. Contemporary climate change involve both shifts in long term averages and increased variation around them, with extreme events becoming more common. While earth climate has always been dynamic, current changes are so substantial and rapid that they could overwhelm adaptive capacity and might drive the climate and biosphere into massively disruptive patterns .By 2017, Earth's average temperature had increased by 1 degree Celsius above preindustrial l levels as a result of GHG emission and changes in albedo. It will difficult to limit total warming to less than 2 degree Celsius, and extremely difficult to reach the goal of 1.5 degree Celsius, regarded as an upper bound to avoid great risk of harm the economy, human health and well being and earth ecosystem. As the intergovernmental climate change puts it "Pathways limiting global warming to 1.5 degree Celsius with no or limited overshoot would require rapid far -reaching transition in energy, land, urban and infrastructure (including transport and building) , and industrial systems ( high confidence) .These systems transitions are unprecedented in terms of scale, but not necessarily in terms of speed." Raul Munoz and Co-workers examined the residual algal-bacterial biomass from photo synthetically supported organic pollutant biodegradation processes, in enclosed photo bioreactors. It was fested for its ability to accumulate Cu, No, Cd and Zn. The algal-bacterial biomass combined the high adsorption capacity of micro algae with the low cost of the residual biomass, which makes it an attractive biosorbents for environmental applications.Waste water contains natural, inorganic and poisonous pollutants. Maximum of the metals and metalloids causes risk. Metallic pollution are on the whole disturbed within the ecosystem, water, soil and sediments. Atmospheric metal pollutants arise especially from the mining.

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