P: ISSN No. 2231-0045 RNI No.  UPBIL/2012/55438 VOL.- X , ISSUE- IV May  - 2022
E: ISSN No. 2349-9435 Periodic Research
Perception of Society towards Women Police
Paper Id :  16076   Submission Date :  09/05/2022   Acceptance Date :  19/05/2022   Publication Date :  25/05/2022
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Neha Gupta
Research Scholar
Dept. Of Sociology
D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University
Nainital,Uttarakhand, India
Jyoti Joshi
Professor
Dept. Of Sociology
D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University
Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract Police-Public relation is a new concept and a relatively new area of study. The Police-Public relationship is a foremost issue that drewthe attention of enlightened police throughout the world. The concept of women police is entirely new. Traditionally work of the women is within the four wall of house.The most important social aspect of women police, viz., interaction between people and police is the subject matter of this study. This interaction between people and police determines to larger extent as to how adequate the police are and how people view the whole government system itself. This paper looks at the relation between the police and society. To explore the relationship between the police and society, 249 women police and 45 people from public have been taken. The result shows that the perception of society is encouraging towards women police.
Keywords Women, Police, Society.
Introduction
Police is a part of community and to serve the community the police exist. Good police public relations therefore, play a vital role in any society and more so in a democratic society like ours where the police needs the continuous support, respect and approval of the citizen for their functioning. Accordingly, a good community police relations programme which aims at emphasizing the mutual interdependence of the two in the maintenance of law and order as well as in the prevention and detection of crime is a necessity. Good program aims at developing natural respect and understanding between the police and the people and promotes an atmosphere conducive to greater public co-operation and eventual police effectiveness. The concept of police-public relationship has gained a secure level of acceptance in the law enforcement establishment, this acceptance alone is a sign of progress, it is only a first step toward implementation, it is much easier to agree with the reasonableness and justice of a proposal than to implement it and live with the consequences of its implementation. Like most other organisation in this pattern, this might try to explain their programs and activates the public, for whose benefit these are intended. In a manner of speaking, this was just selling the police to the public in a planned effort to influence public opinion through socially acceptable performance, based on mutually satisfactory two-way communication.
Aim of study The concept of police-public relationship has gained a secure level of acceptance in the law enforcement establishment, this acceptance alone is a sign of progress, it is only a first step toward implementation, it is much easier to agree with the reasonableness and justice of a proposal than to implement it and live with the consequences of its implementation. Like most other organisation in this pattern, this might try to explain their programs and activates the public, for whose benefit these are intended. In a manner of speaking, this was just selling the police to the public in a planned effort to influence public opinion through socially acceptable performance, based on mutually satisfactory two-way communication.
Review of Literature

1. According to Radelet, Police-Public relations means, The reciprocal attitude of the police and the public to the expected and performed tasks of the police and to involve general public relations, community services, and community participation.[1]
2. The British Institute of Public-Relations explained public relations as “the process of establishing and maintaining mutual understanding and appreciation between an organization and its public, through affective two-way communication. In this context, it is relevant to cite also the terse statement of William J. Boop, made a century and a half later that police cannot operate affectively without the willing cooperation and support of the public it serves.[2]
3. Chaturvedianalysed the status of police services, criminal administration in India, police practices in access to justice, police mission, corporate criminal liability, police system and organization in India. He has also described The Police Act 1861 and policing in India and challenges of the future.[3] 4. Kowaleroski discussed about the police-community services. According to the study, the role of the police has come under close examination in recent years. Numerous debates have taken place concerning the role of police, with both professional practitioners and academicians offering their enlightened positions. The role of police represents a variety of functions to a variety of individuals. There are those who maintain that the police officer should be philosopher, guide, and friend or that the police officer should be a helper. Others strongly maintain that the line officers should be concerned with the preservation of peace, protection of life and property, enforcement of laws and detection of law breakers. The enforcement functions are also proposed as the only functions for police, it is considered they should not be called upon to perform other duties.[4]
5. Breci’s in his study of police has tried to find out whether the public still holds the stereotypical attitudes prevalent in the 70s and 80s about the capacity of female officers to deal with violence. It was concluded that while most people believe that women are as good as men in performing police duties. But there were some gender differences clearly perceived. Male police personnel characterized by aggressiveness, resourcefulness and bravery similarly while on the other hand women police personnel were identified with the characteristics like empathy, nurturing and sensitivity. [5]
6. Rowbothamargues that the traditional roles of women are perceived as inferior and the private world of home is regarded as feminine. Hence the integration of women into the public world of work is only partial. Oakley observes that the position of women in the family is reflected in the employment sector. She argues that women's roles are often the same in jobs outside home and at home which involve caring for, waiting on, serving, etc. Oakley argues that the major reason for the subordination of women in the labour market is the institutionalization of 'the mother-housewife role as the primary role for all women. Whatever relevant and latest literature review author got for this paper she has added that.

Methodology
To achieve the objectives of the study Exploratory cum Descriptive Research Design has been taken.Census method has been taken to collect data. The census method can be applied in a situation where the separate data for every unit in the population is to be collected.As total number of women police employed in 14 police stations of Nainital District in the year 2018-2019 is 249.To find out the relationship between police and public, 45 people of different field of the society has been selected for the study purpose. The primary data have been collected with the help of interview schedule which is prepared comprising mixed questions both quantitative and qualitative. Non-participatory observation method is also used to collect the useful information.
Analysis

To examine the perception of society towards women police. 
Table 1
Behaviour of general public towards women police

Response

Very Good

Good

Indifferent

Not so good

Bad

Total

Number of Respondents

1

(.40)

246

(98.80)

0

(0)

2

(.80)

0

(0)

249

(100)

 The tabledepicts that 98.80% of women police said that the behaviour of the public towards them is good. The public behave very politely with them..40% of the respondents said that the behaviour of the public towards them is very good. Only .80% of the respondents said that the public is not so good to them.


Table 2
Behaviour of general public towards women police as compared to male police

Response

Superior

Equal

Inferior

Total

Number of Respondents

0

(0)

247

(99.20)

2

(.80)

100

(100)

The above table shows that the majority of respondents are of the opinion that the public think both male and women police are equal. Only .80% of the respondents said that the public think that the male police are superior to the female police.
Perception of Public towards Women Police
An attempt has been made to find out the image of women police in the eyes of general public. The following Table shows the responses.


Table 3
Role Efficiency of Women Police

Responses

Yes

No

Can’t Say

Total

They work better in crimes related to women

40

(88.89)

0

(0)

5

(11.11)

45

(100)

They are not good in dealing with violent situations

29

(64.44)

9

(20.00)

7

(15.56)

45

(100)

They are good in public relation works

28

(62.22)

10

(22.22)

7

(15.56)

45

(100)

As observed in the table, there were 88.89% of the respondents who were of the opinion that women police deal the crime related to women in a better way. 64.44% of the respondents stated that women police are effective while dealing in the violent situations as they thought women police are physically tough to deal with violent situations. There are 62.22% of the respondents who were in profession who stated that women police are very good in public dealing. They are humble, soft and respectfully listen to their problems/complaints, which according to them, is not same in case of male police. In some cases respondents said that when they reach the women police for their problems, they helped them very much in solving their problems. This proves that women are better in public relation works/dealing. Rest few of the respondents had no opinion or they are not in the favour of the above asked question but from their body language and impressions it was clearly visible that they are of the opinion that police job are not meant for women. From this table it can be inferred that the image of women police are positive in the eyes of public. They preferred more and more women should join the department so that image of police improves further.




Table 4
Acceptance by the Society for Women in Police job

Responses

Yes

No

Can’t Say

Total

Number of Respondents

38

(84.44)

0

(0)

7

(15.56)

45

(100)

 Table shows the responses the question that whether women should be motivated to join the police department. 84.44% of the respondents were of the opinion that women should be motivated as more and more women join the police it would become more gender balanced department. They also added that till date the ratio of male-female police personnel in police department is very low. In order to improve this ratio many states like Tamil Nadu, Delhi, Gujrat in India declared 33% reservation for women in police recently. They added that in our state same steps should be taken so that recruitment of more women in police force takes place. There are 15.56% of the respondents who remained silent on this question. They think that family support is very important behind the woman only then she can do any work otherwise it becomes challenging for her. Therefore, from this table it can be inferred that public generally accepts the idea of integration of more and more women in the police force.
 Use of Language by Women Police
Table shows the opinion of the respondents about the use of polite language used by the police.

Table 5
Interaction with Society by Women Police

Responses

Yes

No

Can’t Say

Total

Number of Respondents

36

(80)

7

(15.56)

2

(4.44)

45

(100)

The figures presented in Table indicate that in the opinion of 80% respondents said the police used polite language. There are 15.56% respondents who said that the police did not use polite language. The rest 4.44% did not express the views.

Findings It has been found that the opinion of general public towards women police is good. People are accepting and acknowledging the entry of women into police department.
Conclusion On the positive side, the respondents are of the opinion that women in police department prove their worth if proper opportunity is given to them. They excel more in this field. On the positive side large amount of respondents find women are suitable for police job. Thus they are able to perform their job effectively and efficiently.
References
1. Redelet, Louis A, 1980; Police and Community, Glence Publishing Co. Inc. California. 2. Boop, William J., 1970; Police Community Relationships, Spring Field, Illinois, U.S.A. 3. Chaturvedi, J.C., 2006; Police Administration and Investigation of Crime, Isha Books, Delhi. 4. Former Richard, E. and Kowaleroski Victor A., 1976; Law Enforcement and Community Relations, Restore Publishing Company, Virginia. 5. Breci. M. 1997; Female Officers on Patrol: Public Perceptions in the 1900s. Journal of Crime and Justice 6. Rowbotham Sheila. 1973; Hidden from History, 300 Years of Women’s Oppression and the Fight Against it. New York: Pluto Press Publication. 7. www.nainital. nic.in 8. www.census2011.co.in