For verification of this paper, please visit on http://www.socialresearchfoundation.com/innovation.php#8

In the haemolymph (blood) of Dysdercus koenigii six types of haemocytes are reported these are Prohaemocytes(PRs), Grannocytes(GRs), Adipohaemocytes(Ads), Oenocytes(OEs), Vermicytes(VEs) and Plasmatocytes(PLs). These haemocytes are directly or indirectly associated to number of physiological and biochemical activities for example defense transport of nutrients, egg maturation, phenoloxidase activity, intermediary metabolism, gene regulation etc. Many workers findings, reports and reviews are present regarding role of heamocytes with physiological and biochemical activities. These reports clearly stated a marked changes seen in fluctuations of total heamocytes count (THC) and differential heamocyte count (DHC) with numbers of vital activities of insects (Berger et al 2003, Kurucz et a 2003l, Mishra and Tiwari 2005, Merchant et al 2008, Greeny et al 2012, Pandey and Tiwari 2012, Liegeois and Ferrandon 2020 ). But very little informations are available regarding role of specific haemocytes in injury and its associated activities particularly in Dysdercus koenigii. Therefore the present work has been carried out.

For the present study number of literatures and findings are reviewed and as conclusion it is noted very little work has been carried out on the topic the role of plasmatocytes in relation to injury of Dysdercus koenigii. The reports of Mishra and Tiwari 2005, Pandey and Tiwari 2012, Rizki 1957, Merchant et al 2008, Liegeois and Ferrandon 2020, Kurcuz et al 2003, Gupta 1979, Greeny 2012 and Berger et al 2003 papers are reviewed.

For the present work the red cotton bug Dysdercus koenigii are collected from the fields nearby of cotton plants and lady finger’s plants from villages surrounding of our college. These insects are cultured in BOD at 28±1°C, 75% RH and 16hr of photoperiod. In cultured jars insects were feed on soaked cotton seed and get water from small vials. For the present work “0”hr of freshly molted females were sorted out and they divided into two groups one experimental and other as controls. In the experimental group a 1 mm fine injury made on neck of the insect by sharp scalpel blade and by forceps some fat body removed from the incision. In controls only touch the neck region and physical stress given by scalpel blade not made incision. After 24 hr of interval 10 insects were collected by cutting antenna a drop of haemolymph taken on slide made a smear, stained them by Giemsa and counted 100 haemocytes and note the plasmatocytes numbers in these 100 cells and marked them as %.

From the study of Table 1 it is shown that from day 2 to up to day 6 plasmatocytes numbers are significantly higher in the experimental insect comparison to the controls. After day 6 numbers of plasamatocytes still higher in the experimental insects but it not significant. In the initial days the haemocytes; particularly plasmatocytes (PLs) are more or less same in both the group of insects.

Table: 1 (Fluctuations in Plasmatocytes (PLs) numbers of adult female Dysdercus koenigii )

S.N	Age in days	Experimental (% of PLs)	Controls (% of PLs)	P Value
1	1	36.8 ±3.82	34.7±3.72	N S
2	2	38.4± 3.86	35.9± 3.91	N S
3	3	39.1±3.88	33.1± 3.89	<0.01
4	4	41.2±4.01	32.8 ±2.98	“
5	5	42.9± 4.12	31.6 ±3.01	“
6	6	44.1±4.23	29.9±2.47	“
7	7	41.6 ±4.19	34.7 ±3.12	“
8	8	36.7 ±3.87	35.8 ±3.13	N S

In the present study the higher plasmatocytes (PLs) from day 0 to day 8 in the experimental insects are reveals the role of PLs in the injury and injury associated activities of Dysdercus koenigii. The report of Pandey and Tiwari 2015 stated the higher PLs are associated to egg maturation in adult female. But in the present case it not be true because PLs are significantly higher to controls further the reports of Gupta 1979 and Rizki 1957 they stated the inter conversion of other types of haemocytes increase the PLs. This assumption not clearly reveals the fact in the present study. The present findings support the reports of Liegeeis and Ferrandon 2020 that stated PLs and its sub types involve in immunity. 

1 . Berger Josef, Walczysko Sylvin, Powkova Jitka and Gutzeit o Herwing 2003. Effects of genistein on insect haemocytes. Journal of Applied Biomedicine l.161-168. 2 . Greeny H F Dyer L A, Smilanich A M, 2012. Feeding by Lepridopteran is dangerous : A review of caterpillars chemical physiological haemolymph and also to morphological and behavioural defenses against natural enemies I S J Vol.9 : 7-34 3 . Gupta A.P. 1979 Haemocytes types : their structure, synonymies, interrelationships, and taxonomic significance in haemocytes. Edited by A. P. Gupta, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp.85-127. 4 . Kurucz Eva, Zettervall Johan Cari, Siuka Rita, Villmos Peter 2003. Hemese, a haemocytes specific transmebrane protein, affects the cellular immune response to Drosophila. PANAS 100:5:2622-2627 Edited by John h. Law, University of Arizona, AZ 5 . Liegeois Samuel and Ferrandon Dominique 2020. Single cell RNA sequencing has revealed distinct snbpopulations of haemocytes in fruitfly larvae ( An Atlas for haemocytes in an insect) e Life, 9, e 59113. DOI: https//doi.org/ 10.7554 (eLife.59113). 6 . Merchant D., R. L. Erti, S. I. Rennard, D. W. Stanely and J. S. Miller, 2008. Eicosanoids mediate insect haemocytes migration J. Insect Physiol, 54:215-221. 7 . Mishra Ashutosh and Tiwari R.K., 2005: Fluctuation in total haemocyte count during postembryonic development of red cotton bug Dysdercus koenigii FABR J. Exp. Zool.India:8:1:129-134. 8 . Pandey J. P. and Tiwari R.K., 2012. An overview of insect haemocyte science and its future Application in Applied and Biochemical fields. A.J.B.M American Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology) 2(3):82-105. 9 . Rizki MTM. 1957 Alterations in the haemocyte population of Drosophila melanogaster Journal of Morphology 100: 437-458.