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Water is vital for life and plays an important role as a medium in all biological processes. Tapti river is one of the important biodiversity rivers of India. This is an important source of water in Burhanpur district and it is called the lifeline of M.P. The branch of science that deals with the study of organisms found in stagnant and fresh water is called limnology (Wetzel,2001). Population dynamics is study of how and why population change in size and structure over time. Important factors in population dynamics include rates of reproduction, death and migration. Plankton-meaning “Wanderer” and “drifter”. The zooplanktons form a link between phytoplanktons and microscopic invertebrates which they provide food to fish and aquatic birds. Zooplanktons are microscopic aquatic organisms that are non-motile or swimmers and float in water columns of sea or fresh water to cover any great distance. These are heterotrophs that play an important role in linking the primary producers and high trophic level to the food chain. Protozoans, Rotifers, Cladocerans, Copepods and Ostracods etc. have been included in fresh water zooplanktons. Zooplanktons are the link in the water by which energy in transferred from the lower trophic level to higher thophic level (Agnieszka et al.,2015). Zooplanktons respond quickly to changing environment. So by studying them we can find out the population dynamics.

Sarang et al., (2017) The zooplankton found during the study were classified into major 5 groups Protozoa, Cladocera , Rotifera, Copepoda and Ostracoda. Rotifera consisted highest generic diversity.  The taxonomic diversity of Rotifera were 38.71%, Cladocera 25.80%, Copepoda 16.13%, Protozoa 9.68%, Ostracoda 9.68%  were noted in Tapi River. Pandit et al.,(2020), obtained 23 genera of zooplanktons out of which 6 of Rotifera (43.60%), 5 of Protozoa(18.10%), 5 of Cladocera (31.11 %),  4 of Copepods (22.93% ) and 3 genera of Ostracods(13.4 %) were identified from Ganga river.  Similar results were reported by various researchers (Negi et al., 2013, Sharma, 2020).

Figure 1:Satellite map showing Burhanpur district of state Madhya Pradesh (marked in circle)

Figure: Satellite map showing all two stations(Nagjhirighat,Burhanpur) marked in Burhanpur district (M.P.)

Study Area- Tapti is one of the major holy river of the country . Tapti River flows for 193km. from Multai and reaches Burhanpur. The Tapti river flows through the district from east to west. The water samples were collected from the river Tapti from 2 sites (S1 to S2) at Burhanpur , (during the period of May 2019 to October 2019).

On Tapti river  from November 2018 to april 2019 , 6 group and 28 genera of  zooplanktons were found at site  no S1,S2.(Table no  1). Following was the sequence of influence of the zooplankton groups in Tapti River- Rotifera > Cladocera > Copepoda > Protozoa > Ostracoda > Insects. The total zooplankton groups at site S1 in the river were Rotifera (10 species,37.90%), Cladocera (7, 22.15%), Copepoda (4, 16.01%), Protozoa (3 species, 10.22 %), Ostracoda (2 species,5.9 %), Insects (2 species, 7.21%). On Tapti river  from November 2018 to April 2019 , 6 group and 28 genera of  zooplanktons were found at site  no S1,S2.(Table no. 1). The total zooplankton groups at site S2 in the river were Rotifera (10 species, 36.59 %), Cladocera (7, 23.46%), Copepoda (4, 17.66 %), Protozoa (3 species, 11.96 %), Ostracoda (2 species,6.92 %), Insects (2 species, 3.38 %). Dominating group was Rotifera at S1 and S2. Similar result were reported by Das et al (2016).  Sarang et al., (2017) The zooplankton found during the study were classified into major 5 groups Protozoa, Cladocera , Rotifera, Copepoda and Ostracoda. Rotifera consisted highest generic diversity.  The taxonomic diversity of Rotifera were 38.71%, Cladocera 25.80%, Copepoda 16.13%, Protozoa 9.68%, Ostracoda 9.68%  were noted in Tapi River. Pandit et al.,(2020), obtained 23 genera of zooplanktons out of which 6 of Rotifera (43.60%), 5 of Protozoa(18.10%), 5 of Cladocera (31.11 %),  4 of Copepods (22.93% ) and 3 genera of Ostracods(13.4 %) were identified from Ganga river.  Similar results were reported by various researchers (Negi et al., 2013, Sharma,2020).

Table 1. Month-Wise Population Density (Units/L.) Of Zooplanktons  At S1 And S2 Station From November 2018 To April 2019.

Table 2. Total Number of Zooplankton Species and Percentage Between November 2018 To April 2019 At Site S1,S2.

Fig 3: Total Abundance of Zooplanktons At Station S1,S2 Between November 2018 To April 2019.

Diversity Indices of Tapti River-

Highest population recorded at station S1 and lowest at S2 between November 2018 to April 2019. Simpson Index was found be maximum (0.038) at S2 and minimum (0.036) at S2. Simpson index of diversity was minimum (0.95) at S2 and maximum (0.98) at S1. Simpson Reciprocal Index recorded highest (27.51) at station S1 and lowest (26.25) at S2. Shannon Weiner Index was minimum (1.39) at S1 and maximum (1.41) at S2. Margalefs Index recorded highest (9.40) at station S1 and lowest (9.19) at S2. Evenness was minimum (0.41) at S1 and maximum (0.42) at S2.

Table 3. Different Diversity Indices of Zooplankton from November 2018 to April 2019.

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