ISSN: 2456–5474 RNI No.  UPBIL/2016/68367 VOL.- VII , ISSUE- XI December  - 2022
Innovation The Research Concept
Status of Insect Diversity of Odonates, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera in Selected Areas of Jhalawar Rajasthan
Paper Id :  16812   Submission Date :  12/12/2022   Acceptance Date :  15/12/2022   Publication Date :  20/12/2022
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Roopam Kulshrestha
Associate Professor
Deptt. Of Zoology
Govt. PG College
Jhalawar,Rajasthan, India
Abstract Abundance and diversity of Odonates (dragonflies), Hemipterans (bugs) and Hymenopterans (bees and wasp) were recorded from the college campus, Jairaj Park and Jhiri (hilly) areas of Jhalawar. Most of the collection was done in the month of February and March 2013-2014- 2015 and September & October 2013 - 2014. The total number of species collected was 25 nos. out of which 11 species were of Odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) belonging to 02 families, 06 species of bugs (Hemiptera) belonging to 05 families and 08 species of (bees, wasp) Hymenoptera belonging to 04 families. Abundance of insects were also recorded. Vegetation of three sites were also surveyed, as it affects the diversity of that area.
Keywords Dragonflies, Bugs, Wasp, Abundance, Vegetation.
Introduction
Rajasthan is the largest state by area; out of five regions of Rajasthan Hadoti is one of the major region which is flagged by Bara, Bundi, Kota and Jhalawar. Jhalawar is watered by seasonal rivers giving it a verdant look. Biodiversity and natural resources form the root of all living system. It forms the foundation for sustainable development, constitutes the basic for environmental health of our planet and is a source of economic and ecological security for future generations. Biodiversity has grown and shrunk in earth’s part due to (presumably) a biotic factor such as extinctions events caused by geological rapid changes in climate. Insects comprise the largest group of organisms and are involved in various vital ecosystem services like pollination, decomposition, biological control, food chain etc. in the present study biodiversity of 3 groups Odonates Hemiptera and Hymenoptera was observed with their approximate abundance twice in the year for 2 years, from 03 different sites of Jhalawar district.
Aim of study 1. Biodiversity studies aim to establish a barely line to access differences from place to place, under different ragents, or from the present to the future. 2. The effect of Climate Change and Habitat destruction and their interaction are likely to be the greatest challenges to animal and plant conservation in the 21st century. 3. Documentation of biodiversity is the primary requisite for biodiversity conservation and therefore, in order to develop scientific conservation strategies, it is necessary to develop taxonomic skill. 4. It is the responsibility of administrator’s, environmentalist and all concerned with biodiversity conservation, to take necessary steps to document the existing biodiversity.
Review of Literature

Stiller (2002) worked out that over a period of about 20 years more than 200 species in 53 leafhopper genera (Cicadellidae: Hemiptera) have been described from 247 localities in the fynbos biome in the South-western part of South Africa

Fulan et. al. (2008) investigated the environmental variable that affected the dragonfly diversity and abundance in the Guadiana River in the period of March to July in 1999 and 2000. A total of 105 sites were investigated where 19 species of dragonflies, ten species of Anisoptera and nine species of Zygoptera were recorded.

Kalkman et. al. (2008) explained that larvae of almost all of the 5,680 species of the insect order Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) are dependent on freshwater habitats. Both larvae and adults are predators. The order is relatively well studied, and the actual number of species may be close to 7,000.

Sathe and Bhusnar (2010) biodiversity of mosquitovorus dragonflies of Kolhapur district including Western Ghats of Maharashtra has been studied. In all, 43 species of dragonflies were found feeding on mosquitoes. 
Main Text

Methodology
In the present work collection was done from 3 different selected sites of Jhalawar. The collection of insects (like dragonflies, bugs and bees) was done by sweeping, beating and hand picking. The insects are responsible for many processes in the ecosystem and its laws can have negative impacts on entire communities (D.S. Bindulsha, S. Amalnath; 12 December 2017). To prevent any damage proper care was taken while transferring the insects. Photographs of insects were taken to avoid the killing. After sorting in different orders insects were stretched temporarily & kept in the insect boxes. Identification of insects was done by M P U A T, Udaipur and from IARI Delhi. Vegetation of three sites 1. College campus - most of the vegetation has been planted by college management which include herbs, shrubs, trees, medicinal plants, ornamental plants and wild grass. 2. Jayaraj Park - mixed types which includes various trees, shrubs, herbs, climber and ornamental plants. 3. Jhiri area - The hilly area was bushy and dense vegetation at the base of hill.
Result and Discussion

The total number of insects collected of order Odonata, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera from three sites of Jhalawar district were 25 nos.

 Site-1 College campus: the total number of insert species observed in the college campus were 23 nos. belonging to three order Odonata- 11 species belonging to 03 families and dominating species was Orthetrum glaucum. Hymenoptera- 07 species belonging to 04 families and dominating species was Laris species. Hemiptera – 05 species belonging to 03 families. Erthesine fullo was dominating.

Site-2 Jairaj Park: the total number of insects observed for 09 species out of which Odonates- 03 belonging to family – Libellulidae; dominating species was Crocothemis servilia.

Hemiptera – The species observed was 01 only – Spilostethus pandurus.

Hymenoptera – The species of insects identified were 05 belonging to family Apidae and Vespidae. Apis flora was dominating.                                       

Site-3 Jhiri area: the total number of insects observed in this site was less compared to college campus and Jairaj Park. The species observed were of Odonata only and no Hemiptera, Hymenoptera were found on this site.

Sathe and Bhusnar (2010) observed biodiversity of mosquitovorus dragonflies of Kolhapur district including Western Ghats of Maharashtra has been studied. In all, 43 species of dragonflies were found feeding on mosquitoes.




SITE 1

Insect Identified

ABUNDANCE

(Approx. no. of insects)

S.NO.

ORDER

FAMILY

GENUS SPECIES

Feb- March 2011-12

Sept.- Oct. 2011-12

1.

Odonata

Libellulidae

Brudinopyga geminata

14

12

2.

Odonata

Libellulidae

Neurothemis intermedia (Rambur)

4

3

3.

Odonata

Libellulidae

Brachythemis cantaminata (febricui)

12

10

4.

Odonata

Libellulidae

Orthetrum pruinosum (Rambur)

4

2

5.

Odonata

Libellulidae

Orthetrum glaucum

15

11

6.

Odonata

Libellulidae

Orthetrum sabina

15

10

7.

Odonata

Libellulidae

Orthetrum chrysis

4

-

8.

Odonata

Libellulidae

Crocothemis servilia

11

9

9.

Odonata

Libellulidae

Trithemis aurora

14

11

10.

Odonata

Coenagrionidae

Ceriagrion coromandelianun (Fabricius)

13

10

11.

Odonata

Coenagrionidae

Ischnura elegans

17

11

12.

Hymenoptera

Apidae

Xylocopa fenestrata

9

6

13.

Hymenoptera

Apidae

Apis florea

26-30

25-28

14.

Hymenoptera

Apidae

Apis dorsata

46

42

15.

Hymenoptera

Sphecidae

Cerceris sp.

26

21

16.

Hymenoptera

Sphecidae

Liris sp.

92

88

17.

Hymenoptera

Vespidae

Ropalidia sp.

38

30

18.

Hymenoptera

Formicidae

Aenictus sp.

15

12

19.

Hemiptera

Pentatomidae

Halys parvus (chopra)

22

18

20.

Hemiptera

Pentatomidae

Erthesina fullo (Thunberg)

56

50

21.

Hemiptera

Lygacidae

Spilostethus pandurus

55

48

22.

Hemiptera

Reduviidae

Acanthaspis sp.

24

20

23.

Hemiptera

Reduviidae

Rhinocoris sp.

46

40

SITE 2

I N S E C T      I D E N T I F I E D

ABUNDANCE

(Approx. no. of insects)

S.NO.

ORDER

FAMILY

GENUS SPECIES

Feb- March2012-13

Sept.- Oct. 2012-13

1.

Hemiptera

Lygacidae

Spilostethus pandurus

50

44

2.

Hymenoptera

Apidae

Apis florae

70

76

3.

Hymenoptera

Apidae

Apis dorsata

30

32

4.

Hymenoptera

Vespidae

Ropalidia marginata

15

11

5.

Hymenoptera

Vespidae

Vespa orientalis

18

15

6.

Hymenoptera

Vespidae

Polistes stigma (Fabricius)

16

14

7.

Odonata

Libellulidae

Trithemis aurora

3

3

8.

Odonata

Libellulidae

Nurothemis intermedia

4

4

9.

Odonata

Libellulidae

Crocothemis servilia

6

5

Table: Identified insects at site 2 (Jairaj park), Jhalawar; year 2012-13

 

Stiller (2002) worked out that over a period of about 20 years more than 200 species in 53 leafhopper genera (Cicadellidae: Hemiptera) have been described from 247 localities in the fynbos biome in the South-western part of South Africa.

SITE 3

I N S E C T      I D E N T I F I E D

ABUNDANCE

(Approx. no. of insects)

S.NO.

ORDER

FAMILY

GENUS SPECIES

Feb- March2012-13

Sept.- Oct. 2012-13

1.

Odonata

Libellulidae

Neurothemis intermedia (Rambur)

08

06

2.

Odonata

Libellulidae

Brachythemis cantaminata (Fabricius)

05

04

3.

Odonata

Libellulidae

Trithemis aurora

06

06

Table: Identified insects at site 3 (Jhiri area), Jhalawar; year 2012-13

Fulan et. al. (2008) investigated the env  The total number of insects collected of order Odonata, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera from three sites of Jhalawar district were 25 nos.

Kalkman et. al. (2008) paper discusses diversity, summarizes the biogeography of dragonflies in the different biogeographical regions and gives the total number of species and genera per family per biogeographical region.
Conclusion The result of three sides shows that diversity of insects depends on the habitat of that area. As we observed in our results the Site-1 had maximum number of insects it had various small gardens with different vegetation (herbs, trees). Minimum number of insects were recorded on Site-3 (Jhiri area). Huda and Jain observe the diversity of bees in Kota Rajasthan on the bank of Chambal river. Prajapat and Meena in 2018 studied the diversity of insect fauna in Rajasthan. DS Bindulekha & S Amalnath, 2017 prepared checklist of insects in and around the college campus, Thiruvananthapuram district, south Kerala. The present study was an attempt to analyse diversity of few groups of insects in three different areas with different habitats. A lot of research is necessary for getting detailed record of the faunal diversity of insect and need for their conservation during this period of environmental changes.
References
1. Sathe T.V. and Bhusnar A.R. 2010. Biodiversity of Mosquitovorus dragonflies (Order: Odonata) from Kolhapur district including Western Ghats. Biological Forum - An International Journal, 2(2): 38-41. 2. Fulan J.A., Raimundo R. and Figueiredo D. 2008. Habitat characteristics and dragonflies (Odonata) diversity and abundance in the Guadiana River, eastern of the Alentejo, Portugal. Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent. 32 (3-4): 327-340. 3. Kalkman V.J., Clausnitzer V., Dijkstra K.D.B., Orr A.G., Paulson D.R. and Tol J.V. 2008. Global diversity of dragonflies (Odonata) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia. 595:351-363. 4. Stiller M. 2002. Leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Diversity in the Fynbos Biome of South Africa. Neue Folge Nr. 179 :379-400. 5. DS Bindulekha & S Amalnath, 2017. A Preliminary Study on the Biodiversity of Insects Collected from A College Campus: Thiruvananthapuram District, Southern Kerala. Biology, Environmental Science, Education