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| A Study Of Religiosity In Relation To Some Socio – Psychological Factors | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paper Id :
17098 Submission Date :
12/02/2023 Acceptance Date :
21/02/2023 Publication Date :
25/02/2023
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| Abstract | The main objective of the present study was to study religiosity in relation to such social-psychological factors as gender, age, educational level and caste. It was an effort to understand the difference in psychology of religion among males and females who differ with respect to age, educational level and cast the subjects were 80 male (N=40) and female (N=40). Students of M.A graduation levels from Hindu and Muslim An inventory named RAI was used to obtain measures of religiosity of the subjects. The results indicated more religiosity among the male than female. The Muslim males and females were higher on religiosity than Hindu males and females. The results were interpreted, suggesting that the psychology of religion operated differently among males and females. The finding have been discussed in the light of future research implications. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Keywords | The main objective of the present study was to study religiosity in relation to such social-psychological factors as gender, age, educational level and caste. It was an effort to understand the difference in psychology of religion among males and females who differ with respect to age, educational level and cast the subjects were 80 male (N=40) and female (N=40). Students of M.A graduation levels from Hindu and Muslim An inventory named RAI was used to obtain measures of religiosity of the subjects. The results indicated more religiosity among the male than female. The Muslim males and females were higher on religiosity than Hindu males and females. The results were interpreted, suggesting that the psychology of religion operated differently among males and females. The finding have been discussed in the light of future research implications. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Introduction |
Religion is one important aspect of social life. It governs not only individual behaviour but also influences inter-group relations in larger social structures. The study of religiosity therefore has attracted the attention of social psychologists since a long time. In recent years, moreover religion and its impact on intercommunity relations has become a focal point of research.
The three basic elements that have been focussed upon in the Psychology of religious consciousness religious experience and religious behaviour. Religious consciousness refers to that part of religious which is present in the mind and is open to examination by introspection. The religious experience is the feeling element in religious consciousness that can be described. The religious behaviour is expression of religious feeling through action like performing rituals and prayer etc. These three elements together might be said to constitute what is commonly referred to as religiosity.
The main objective of the present research plan was to examine religiosity among the respondent belonging to different localities of Patna from different educational level e.g., M.A and B.A.
The research problem stated above could be investigated systematically by formulating appropriate hypotheses that could be tested empirically. |
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| Aim of study | The main objective of the present study was to study religiosity in relation to such social-psychological factors as gender, age, educational level and caste. It was an effort to understand the difference in psychology of religion among males and females who differ with respect to age, educational level and cast the subjects were 80 male (N=40) and female (N=40). Students of M.A graduation levels from Hindu and Muslim An inventory named RAI was used to obtain measures of religiosity of the subjects. The results indicated more religiosity among the male than female. The Muslim males and females were higher on religiosity than Hindu males and females. The results were interpreted, suggesting that the psychology of religion operated differently among males and females. The finding have been discussed in the light of future research implications. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Review of Literature | Some studies i.e. Argyle, Micheal & Beit, Hallahini, Benjamin (1958), Austin, MR. (1980), Dillpeck, Michael C (1983) & Chaggaris, Michelle & Lester, David (1989) has been done for this research paper. |
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| Main Text | Measuring Instrument: To measure the variable of religiosity an inventory
called 'Religious Attitude Inventory’ (R.A.I.) was used.It was originally
developed by Asusvbel and Schpoont 1957. The original inventory consist of 50
items from which 20 items were selected to developed a suitable Hindi version
of this inventory and which has been used in the present study. The responses on each item is recorded on a 5 point
scale. The score on thisinventory varies in between 20 to 100 and a higher
score indicates more religiosity. Moreover, the item Nos-3,5,6,8,9,12,17,18, and 20 are
rationality (religiosity) items which provides a measure of rationality in way
that subjects scoring higher on these items are considered more rational and
those scoring lower to these items are considered more religious.Thus the score
on rationality may vary in between 9 to 45 with higher score indicating more
rationality. Table – I Mean Difference on Religiosity of Hindu and
Muslim Subjects
Table – II Mean Difference on Religiosity of Male and
Female Subjects
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| Hypothesis | The following hypotheses were proposed in the present study- 1. Muslim subject in comparison to Hindu subject would be higher on religiosity. 2. The females subject in comparison to males would be higher on religiosity. 3. Graduation level students in comparison to Post-graduate level student would be higher on religiosity. 4. Muslim males and females would be higher on religiosity than Hindu males and females. |
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| Sampling | Subjects were 80 males (N=40) and females (N-40) from Post-graduate (N=40) & Graduate (N-40) degree levels. In the Post-graduate level number of Hindu males (N=10), Muslim males (N=10) and number of Hindu females (N=10), Muslim females (N=10). In the Graduation level number of Hindu males (N=10), Muslim males (N=10) and number of Hindu females (N=10), Muslim females (N=10). |
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| Result and Discussion | Table I, present Mean score of religiosity for Hindu and
Muslim subjects. As can be seen from this table that the mean religiosity of
Muslim are significantly greater than the Hindu. This suggests that the Muslim
have shown stronger feeling of religiosity than the Hindu. This finding therefore supports the hypothesis that the
Muslim in compared to Hindu would be higher on religiosity. This has been found
to be true from the present study. It was also hypothesized that Hindu and Muslim from male
and female levels would differ on religiosity. As can be seen from table II,
males have demonstrate significantly more religiosity than the females. Table – III Mean Difference on Religiosity of Subjects
From Educational Levels
Table- IV Mean Difference on Religiosity of Subjects of
Hindu (Males & Females) and Muslim (Males & Females) Level
Interpretation and Discussion It was also hypothesized that males and females from
different educational levels would differ on religiosity. As can be seen table III,
the males and females from Graduate level have demonstrated significantly more
religiosity than the males and females from Post-graduate level. It appears
that the education level does make some different in the feeding of
religiosity. This expectation was based on the assumption that at the
lower educationallevel, generally the subjects were of the teenage group
(15-17) who are expected to be greater on anxiety. They are also expected to be
lesser certain about self-identity, lower in self-confidence. This perhaps,
make them more prone towards religiosity than the higher educational level
subjects. Table IV present mean score of Hindu and Muslim male/female
subjects on religiosity. As can be seen from this table that the mean
religiosity of male Muslim & Hindu are greater than the female Hindu &
Muslim. This finding therefore, supports the hypothesis that the
Muslim males andFemales would be higher on religiosity than Hindu males and
females. Thus, the finding of the present study seem to support
the hypothesis that were proposed. It has come out very clearly in the present
study that male in general are more religious than the female Also, that the
Muslim are more religious than Hindu. However, the notion that education does an impact on
religiosity is indicated to some extent in the finding that males and females
of the post-graduate level demonstrated relatively lesser religiosity than
graduate levels. The main conclusions drawn on the basis of the findings
of the present study arepresent in the next chapter. |
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| Conclusion | Finally concluding the various findings of the present study, it may be stated- 1. That persons belong to Muslim religion in comparison to Hindu religion is likely to be more religious. 2. That males are likely to be more religious than males. 3. That educational level may, to some extend, influence religiosity of the subjects and those at higher educational levels are likely to be less religious than those at lower educational levels. 4. That Hindu & Muslim males are likely to be more religious than the Hindu & Muslim females. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| References | 1. Argyle, Micheal & Beit, Hallahini, Benjamin (1958). The Social Psychology of Religion. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London and Boston.
2. Austin, MR. (1980) Aesthetic experience and the nature of religious perception J. of Aesthetic Edn. Vol-14(3) 19-35.
3. Dillpeck, Michael C (1983). Testing the Vedic Psychology of the Bhagwad Geeta. Psychologia : An International J. of Psy. Vol-26(4)232-240.
4. Chaggaris, Michelle & Lester, David (1989). Fear of death and religious beliefs. Psycho Report. Vol 64(1) 274.
5. Factors in Adult Growth by Adrein M. Wenner 2017
6. A guide to new Independent India Cinema, by Ashvin Immanuel Devsunderam 2022
7. Psychology of Religion – Wikipedia |
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