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Rural urban fringe of a city is a remarkable region because it spells both urban as well as rural features. This should not be treated as two distinct zones as the city merges perceptibly into rural countryside by way of mixed land uses. People who travel daily to earn their bread and butter come to neighbouring towns. The explosive growth of Jaipur city leads to urbanization. Yet the study of the urban fringe has been a neglected topic in area of urban research. Growth at the rural-urban fringe presents a complex challenge to planners and designers.

 Planners and designers share a goal of creating habitable, economically viable places. Yet decisions about the development of farmland, rangeland, and forests tend to be driven by economic considerations that all too often ignore the noneconomic values people have for places. Jaipur District is experiencing massive Urbanization on account of a rapid population increase caused by natural growth and mass migration from rural to urban areas in search of better living and employment opportunities and also due to merger of several villages as a result of spatial expansion of the city from time to time. 

Study Area

According to area, Rajasthan is the largest state of India and capital of this State is Jaipur. Jaipur City is well known as “Pink City” and is one of the best architecturally designed cities of India.  Jaipur district is present in the east part of the State between 26⁰23’ North Latitude to 27⁰51’ North Latitude and 74⁰55’ East Longitude to 76⁰50’ East Longitude. Total area of the district is 11143 Km² and population is 6626178 (Census 2011). The average height of the district is 1417 feet above sea level. Jaipur district touches to Sikar and Mahendragarh districts in the North direction, In the south, it is surrounded by Tonk district, in the east by Alwar, Dausa and Sawai Madhopur districts and in the west by Nagaur and Ajmer districts. From east to west, Jaipur district is spread over 180 km while the length from north to south is about 110 km. Banganga and Sabi Rivers are the main sources of water for the district. Jaipur district has a semi-arid climate. Copper, iron, dolomite, white marble, glass and silicon are the main minerals found in this region. 

Methodology in this paper is expounded as the systematic method to sort out the research problem. From many sources data have be collected, by using various techniques, delivering an exposition of data gathered and drawing conclusions about the research data. Primary data have been collected from survey. Secondary data collected from various departments, reports, books and research works.

Rural Urban Fringe

The terminal section between the rural and urban regions having the combined activities as scattered residential, industrial, commercial and agricultural etc and new urban land utilization is replacing rural land utilization as well as occupational pattern, is known as rural-urban Fringe. It's the place where the city and the village smash. Population growth is defined as the change in the number of inhabitants of a region during a specific period of time. If the population of a given area increases in a specific period of time, it is called positive change. At present the population change is almost invariably positive in most of the part of Jaipur District but shows a negative impact on the rural part of the district as the major cause of increase in population is migration from rural area to urban area. Shift of the frequency distribution towards higher density categories clearly reflects the uniformly occurred across the entire study area. It can be noticed that there is increase in the area of the city but it can be clearly observed that is decline in the rural area as the city boundaries are increasing and this increase shows the effect of both rural as well as urban area and that is known as rural-urban fringe. This rural-urban fringe is increasing throughout the district and which is a major concern because as the outer boundaries of the city or metropolitan area is meant for primary sector i.e. for agricultural activities. If these boundaries will be increased and turned into commercial, industrial or domestic area will have a great impact on the environment as well as on the sustainable livelihood of the population living in the study area. This gradual increase shows that people are interested to live in urban areas for modern living. Also the secondary and territory sectors of the economy had a lot importance and earnings area on regular and ease basis as compared to agricultural activities. Also education, health, standard of living, ease availability of resources, employment, modernization are many factors responsible for the trend of urbanization and this increasing trend has lead to fringe development which around the city area.

Table-1: Land Utilization of Jaipur District (In %)

S. N.	Land Use	2014-15	2019-20
1	Forests	9.10	9.05
2	Not Available for Cultivation	11.50	12.63
3	Other Uncultivated Land  Excluding Fallow Land	9.86	9.93
4	Barren and Un-culturable Land	9.21	10.54
5	Net Area Sown	59.62	57.22
6	Area Sown More than Once	0.71	0.63
7	Total Area Sown	94.49	88.06
8	Area Sown More than Once	34.87	30.84

Source- Statistical Outline of Jaipur District- 2015 & 2020

Figure-1:  Land Utilization of Jaipur District 2014-15

 

Figure-2:  Land Utilization of Jaipur District 2019-20

Table - 2: Tehsilwise Area and Population of Jaipur District

S. N.	Tehsil	Total Area (KM2)	Total Population
1.	Kotputli	814.34	413256
2.	Viratnagar	482.36	166087
3.	Shahpura	530.96	272632
4.	Chomu	683.61	395009
5.	Phulera	885.63	241919
6.	Kishangarh - Renwal	584.85	202186
7.	Mozamabad	641.1	109892
8.	Dudu	697.46	103124
9.	Phagi	1114.34	191126
10.	Sanganer	701.75	969696
11.	Jaipur	527.16	2298782
12.	Amer	891.22	452005
13.	Jamwa Ramgarh	1033.7	303236
14.	Bassi	654.69	283594
15.	Chaksu	533.55	140720
16.	Kotkhawada	291.47	82914
	Total	11143	6626178

Source- Statistical Outline of Jaipur District- 2020

Rural-Urban Fringe - Benefits

1. Land is less expensive

Rural-Urban Fringe is less accessible than the inner city because most of the people must commute to the inner city for their employment and a fewer people are prepared to reside there. As a result, land prices are lower in the fringe than the main city region. This area has less population as well as less population density, so economic activities are much fewer in rural-urban fringe. It is an economic benefit for poor population because it is an appropriate area to live as the land is less expensive.

2. New Places for Offices

Rural urban circumference, also known as "Greenfield site" (undeveloped land outside of an existing built-up metropolitan region), is favoured by major corporations looking for new places for headquarters, offices, residences, and industrial estates. Socio-economic activities are increasing in the rural-urban fringe of Jaipur District as new government and private offices are establishing for development purpose.

3. Less Traffic Congestion

Because the neighbourhood is a new development on the periphery with a smaller population than the central city, there is less traffic congestion. As the population is very low and economic activities are fewer as well as local vehicles are very less so chances of traffic congestion are negligible in the Rural-Urban Fringe of Jaipur District. As the result, the traffic goes very smooth in this section.

4. Less Pollution

Rural-Urban Fringe is facing the pollution problems as air pollution, water pollution, land and subsurface pollutions but the level of these types of pollution is very low than the city because domestic, industrial and transport flow out of poisonous gases is minor. The Fringe has a newly development on the periphery with a small population than the central city that’s why there is lesser traffic congestion as well as pollution. As some amount of the natural composition of environment is present in this region so several socio-economic activities can be developed by the government. A person can maintain his health  by using natural environment so the Fringe is most beneficial for living as social benefits.

5. Social Harmony

These regions are more socially strong than the main city as the quantity of population is less, so families have direct interaction with each other, social psychology and social adjustment are better. Among the societies and families various festivals and occasions are celebrated with each other. So the rural-urban fringe of Jaipur District is experiencing better place to live than the city as social behaviour. The rural urban edge draws residents from the middle class, who make up a tiny but strong and economically significant section of the city's population. Several social groups are working in this fringe to make the society aware about various social issues.

6. Modern Development

It is a modern development with plenty of land, it has simpler access and improved road with modern infrastructure development opportunities. More open space creates a more pleasant atmosphere; yet, as development progresses. The rural-urban fringe is defined by a diverse range of land uses, the majority of which we need as quantity of open space reduces, as does the friendly environment.

7. Development of Facilities

Rural-Urban Fringe has enough land and possibilities to develop various facilities as schools, colleges and universities for better education system, medical colleges, institutes and hospitals for strong medical system. Many residential societies are being developed by government for fulfilment of living expanse. Various industrial units and factories are replacing agricultural landscape in this region.

8. Economic Development

1. As urban sprawl continues, new housing projects are being built.

2. Development of special economic zone

3. Establshment of RIICO Area.

4. Parks for science and business

5. Supermarkets and hypermarkets

6. Out-of-town shopping malls and retail parks

7. Changes in the workplace

8. Hotels and conference centres are available.

9. Expansion of the airport

1. Lewis, P.F., 1984. The galactic metropolis. In: R.H. Platt and G. Macinko (Editors), Beyond the Urban Fringe: Land Use Issues of Nonmetropolitan America. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp. 23-50. 2. W.C. Sullivan III "Perceptions of the rural-urban fringe: citizen preferences for natural and developed settings" Landscape and Urban Planning 29 ( I 994) 85-10 1. 3. Johnston, R.J. et al. (2000), The Dictionary of Human Geography. Fourth edition, Blackwell Publishing, United Kingdom. 4. Census of India 2011, Rajasthan Series-09, Part XII—B, District Census Handbook, Jaipur. 5. Mishra, V., (2002) : "Population growth and intensification of land use in India". International Journal of Population Geography, Vol. 8, pp. 365- 383. 6. Verma Kritika (2018) : “Urban Sprawl and its Changing Paradigms a Case Study of Jaipur City”. Journal for Research, Vol. 3, pp. 22- 26. 7. Statistical Outline of Jaipur District- 2015 & 2020