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| Evaluation of Nutritive Contents of Tribulus terrestris L. from Dungargarh, Bikaner | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paper Id :
17499 Submission Date :
01/04/2023 Acceptance Date :
18/04/2023 Publication Date :
24/04/2023
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| Abstract | Tribulus terrestris commonly known as Gokhru, Goksura, trikanta, shvadamshtra, small calotrop, land calotrop, puncture vine, kanti. The plant belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae. The present study describes various nutritive contents of root, shoot and fruit extract. The analysis of nutritive contents showed the presence of crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, total ash, nitrogen free extract, organic matter, total carbohydrate, calcium and phosphorus. Organic matter (86.22%), Total carbohydrate (73.39%) , Nitrogen free extract (58.28%) were found maximum in root. Total ash (16.89%) in shoot, Crude fibre (17.17%) and Crude protein (15.09%) in fruit. Total Ca (4.02%) and phosphorus (0.66%) were found maximum in root. Quantitatve estimation of crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, total ash, nitrogen free extract, organic matter, total carbohydrate, calcium and phosphorus was done according to standard method. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Keywords | Gokhru, nutritive, Crude, Quantitative, Zygophyllaceae. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Introduction |
The district Bikaner is situated in North-West of the state between 270 11’ to 290 03’ North latitudes and 710 54’ to 760 12’ East longitude and average altitude of 234.699 MSL. The major part of Bikaner district is fixed/mobile into new system by depleting xeric vegetation cover either due to over grazing or cutting for fuel of clearing the land for agriculture purpose. Tribulus terrestris commonly known as Gokhru, Goksura, trikanta, shvadamshtra, small calotrop, land calotrop, puncture vine, kanti. The plant belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae and widely distributed in Mediterranean region and commercially grown north western India. It is a variable, prostrate annual or perennial herbaceous plant. The roots are cylindrical light brown and fainty aromatic. The stem radiate from the crown to diameter of about 10 cm to over 1m. often branching. They are usually prostrate, forming flat patches through they may grow more upwards in shade or among taller plants. The leaves are pinnately compound with leaflet less than a quarter inch long. The leaflets are 5-8 pairs, oblong to linear oblong. The flowers are leaf opposed, solitary pale yellow to yellow, 4-10 mm wide, petals are 5, yellow coloured. The fruits are globose that easily falls apart into 4 or 5 single seeded nutlets. The nutlets or seeds are hard bear 2or 3 sharp spines long and 4-6 mm broad point to point. These nutlets strikingly resemble goats or bulls head the horn so known as “Goat head’’. Tribulus terrestris had been used in folk medicines as tonic, aphrodisiac, palliatve, astringent, stomachic, anti hypertensive, diuretic, lithotriptic, and urinary disinfectant (Chhatre et al.2014) , alternative source of wonderful drugs (Nyati and Bhargav 2022) and health supplement for pregnant women (Shukla et al. 2020). |
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| Aim of study | In the present study nutritive contents were evaluated from different parts of Tribulus terrestris from Dungargarh, Bikaner. The main aim of this study was to show the importance of Tribulus terrestris for food, fodder and fibre. Since such type of studies has not been carried out properly from the study area, hence it becomes essential and urgent to create community awareness so that the people may accept the wild food plants as the cultivated ones. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Review of Literature | Chhatre et al. (2014) studied phytopharmacological overview of Tribulus terrestris. A number of plants have been evaluated for their nutritive contents by Kumar and Kapoor (2016); Kapoor and Swami (2016); Shail et al. (2016). Sultan and Rubab (2017) studied Tribulus terrestris for ethnomedicinal and phytochemical purposes. Shukla et al. (2020) analysed phytochemicals and nutritive contents of Bombex ceiba. Nyati and Bhargava (2022) analysed phytochemicals and secondary metabolites of seed of Tribulus terrestris. Proximate composition and nutitional values of selected wild plants of the United Arab Emirates were studied by Shahid et.al. (2023). |
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| Methodology | The composite plant samples were collected during morning hours from different localities of Dungargarh ,Bikaner. The root, shoot, fruit were dried separately under shade. These samples were powdered with the help of electric grinder. Quantitative estimation of crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, total ash, nitrogen free extract, organic matter, total carbohydrate was done by A.O.A.C. (2005) procedure and minerals by Talpatra et.al. method (1940). |
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| Result and Discussion |
The nutritive and mineral contents showed the presence of Crude protein ,Crude fibre, Crude fat, Total ash. Nitrogen free extract, Organic matter, Total carbohydrate, Calcium and Phosphorus (Table -1) The maximum (15.09%) Crude protein was found in fruit, while minimum (11.48%) in root. The maximum (17.17%) Crude fibre was found in fruit, while minimum (10.67%) in shoot. Crude fat (ether extract) was found (5.69%) maximum in fruit, while minimum (1.34%) in root. Total ash was found (16.89%) maximum in shoot, while minimum (13.78%) in root. Nitrogen free extract was found (58.28%) maximum in root , while minimum (46.82%) in fruit. Organic matter was found maximum (86.22%) in root, whereas minimum (83.11%) in shoot. Total carbohydrate was found (73.39%) maximum in root, while minimum (63.99%) in fruit. Maximum (4.02%) Calcium was found in fruit, while minimum (1.53%) in root. Maximum Phosphorus was found (0.66%) maximum in fruit, while minimum (0.50%) in shoot. Shail et al.(2016) also reported the presence of high amount of carbohydrate , protein, fat and calcium in Tribulus terestris. Nutritive and mineral contents in different parts of Tribulus terestris (on % dry matter) Table-1
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| Conclusion | The present study conclude that the Tribulus terestris have sufficient amount of primary metabolites and has the potentiality of use as a non conventional food to nutritional needs for feed and fodder for livestock. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| References | 1. A.O.A.C. (2005). Official method of Analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, 18th Edition ;134(3):984-987
2. Chhatre S. Nesari T., Somani g., Kanchan D. and Sathaye S.(2014). Phytopharmacological overview of Tribulus terrestris. Pharmacognosy reviews. 8(15):45
3. Kapoor B.B.S. and Swami S.(2016). Evaluation of nutritive contents from tree species of Pali district of Rajasthan. American Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research. 3(1):32-34.
4. Kumar S. and Kapoor B.B.S.(2016). Evaluation of nutritive contents from some plant species of Barmer district of Rajasthan. Cibtech Journal of Bio- Protocols 5(1) : 22-24.
5. Nyati P, Bhargav S. (2022). Study on the phytochemical analysis and determination of secondary metabolites on seed of Tribulus terrestris. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 14(3) :135-142.
6. Shahid M., Singh R.K., Thushar, S. (2023). Proximate Composition and Nutritional Values of Selected Wild Plants of the United Arab Emirates. Molecules. 28,1504. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031504
7. Shail, Dwivedi M., Kumar N., Tripathi A.D.,(2016). Nutritive estimation of (Tribulus terrestris) Gokshura Ksheerpaka:A health supplement for pregnant women. International journal of home science. 2(2):349-352.
8. Shukla R.K., Nandan K, Shukla A., Kaur A.(2020). Phytochemical analysis and nutritive value of Bombax ceiba Linn. (Petals) Plant Archives. 20(1):1201-1206
9. Sultan A, Rubab SL (2017). Tribulus terrestris –an Ethnomedicinal & Phytochemical Review. Arch Nat Med Chem: ANMC-106.DOI:10.29011/ANMC-106.000006.
10. Talpatra, S.K. Ray, S.C. and Sen, K.C. (1940). Estimation of phosphorus, chlorine, calcium, sodium and potassium in food stuff, Indian J. Vet. Sci. and Animal husbandry 10:243 |
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