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| Skill Development a Pursuit to Empower the Tribal Women in India | |||||||
| Paper Id :
17626 Submission Date :
14/05/2023 Acceptance Date :
21/05/2023 Publication Date :
25/05/2023
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| Abstract | Empowerment of Women is of utmost vitality for the enhanced socio-economic development of any community. Active participation of women is crucial for any society to virtually and in actuality move forward. In a social set up like India’s, female participation has to be ensured through perceptible measures taken at various levels which positively impact the society in an optically measurable way. Empowerment of the tribal population has been a major concern for the past three decades. A steady increase in the awareness of the need to empower women via actions aiming to increase social, economic and political justice; and basically, an inclusive broader access to fundamental human rights and education has been lately witnessed. It has been observed that if a woman is economically or financially independent, she can take her own decisions and actively participate in the community. This development can lead the primitive societies living in remote rural areas to educate their children and exist with an overall higher quality of living. Present study is based on published articles and reports. The study used bibliography search (EndNote programme) of tribal women empowerment. It was found that with the help of governmental and non-governmental agencies, women are developing skills pertaining to farm forestry, papad making, sewing, sanitary pad making amongst many other. The paper exhibits that women of under-represented communities are successful in empowering themselves by making use of skill development training. It reviews vocational and skill- based training among the women of several tribal villages in India. | ||||||
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| Keywords | Tribal Women, Skill Development, Training, Vocational. | ||||||
| Introduction |
There is no chance for the welfare of the world unless the condition of women is improved. It is not possible for a bird to fly on only one wing.”
Swami Vivekananda
Women Empowerment has become a primary deliberated social issue to attain the gender equality not only in India but also around the sphere. The statistic is that a woman’s voice remains to be abandoned, in spite of the progress, they often don’t get the chance to realize their dreams and grow into their power. We still lack behind in identifying the attainments of women and their contribution in the house, work, political and economic areas of culture and society to shape a support for their rights. The effect of empowerment of women creates a powerful influence on the norms, values and finally the laws that govern these communities (Page and Czuba, 1999). Empowerment of women is one of the concepts that has established in connection with improving their status. Empowerment includes higher literacy levels, education, better healthcare, equal ownership of productive resources, increased participation in economic and commercial sectors, awareness of rights and responsibilities, improved standards of living, self-reliance, self-esteem and self-confidence. |
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| Aim of study | This paper discusses the empowerment of tribal women in India through skill development as skills development and training are central to agricultural and rural employment especially the tribal’s. The better the training and the more refined the skills in terms of human capital, higher the income and returns primarily toward the better rural life and socio-economic structure. This goes without saying that India has the second largest tribal population in the world and its women remain to be under-represented in proper business training programs. These issues limit their employment options, economic returns and long-term career development. Hence, more disadvantaged, poorer and discriminated the women in any society. The fact is despite being unskilled, poor, discriminated; women still try to contribute to family income either directly or indirectly. Poor and vulnerable women are usually more interested in skills training that meets their immediate “practical gender needs” as opposed to longer term, “strategic gender needs” that directly tackle the basic underlying causes of female subordination (Moser:1989). | ||||||
| Review of Literature | Women are often focused in handicrafts, basic food processing and sale which are traditionally considered to be women’s domain. Women also show a tendency to pursue micro-enterprises and homestead farming activities (The World Bank, FAO, IFAD, 2008). Skills training, increased growth, productivity and innovation, in particular for the informal sector are linked with poverty reeducation. (Fluitman:2002). Skills development improves output, quality, diversity and occupational safety and improves health, thereby increasing incomes and livelihoods of the poor. It also helps to develop social CapitaLand strengthens knowledge about informal sector associations, rural organizations and governance. According to human capital theory, thebetter educated the agricultural labor, the higher their productivity (Atchoarena, et. al. 2003). |
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| Main Text | Skills Training Skill
training is defined as a concept that helps to create possibility and chances for
the humans by developing their capacity and enhancing their skills and
experience. The emphasis of skill training is to provide proper training that
will support and guide the women in their chosen field. The purpose of skill
training is to enable the women to find employment in their newly chosen field.
Skill training is typically offered to uneducated or low-income families to
increase their economic condition. Tribal Welfare Association has been giving
much importance to equip tribal youth and women with alternative skills to
supplement and augment their income and employment and to fulfil the community
needs with locally available raw materials and human resources towards optimum
use. Some of the important skill training programmes in equipping tribal youth
and women are: Tailoring, embroidery, sanitary pads, cooking snacks, painting
potteries, etc Women training programmes on eco-environmental issues,
socio-economic and cultural aspects have found its effect in women taking up
issues affecting them, through collective action. The Skill Development
Initiative by the NGOs Skill
development initiative includes various types of training programs, involving
both conventional and non-conventional subjects, varying in time and cost.
These training programs are implemented through NGOs and institutions having
expertise in their respective fields. With a view to understanding Training for
aged tribal’s especially women is emphasized in order to help them lead an
independent and respectable life. As in any other case, tribal or not, aged
women feel dejected and hence care is given to them and are given appropriate
medical aid, diet etc. Tribal Welfare
Association TWA
has been giving much importance to equip tribal youth and women with
alternative skills to supplement and augment their income and employment and to
fulfill the community needs with locally available raw materials and human
resources towards optimum use. Some of the important skill training programs in
equipping tribal youth and women are: Tailoring, embroidery, sanitary pads,
cooking snacks, painting potteries, etc. Women training programs on
eco-environmental issues, socio-economic and cultural aspects have found its
effect in women taking up issues affecting them, through collective action. The
importance of such issues and problems are - women asserting property rights,
free choice of their would-be husbands, organizing women against violence on
women etc. Women training programs have been effective to a great extent and
now the women sangams activities are gaining momentum with steady improvements
in small savings and loan schemes with support of TWA. The farm forestry
program FFP
helps in empowerment of women; they are benefited by the easy accessibility of
employment during the dry season. Nurseries for supplying plantlets to farm
forestry and desert development program are managed and run by villagers under
the supervision of village institutions (both men’s and women’s) are allotted
to poor women of the villages. Women have gained tremendously from this mini-
enterprise in the form of economic as well as social gains. It helps build
their confidence and instill the spirit of entrepreneurial capacity in them. A
study by Sindhi (2012) shows- two women nursery raisers from a remote tribal
village participated actively and earned a lot of appreciation at a workshop
held in this connection at Ahmadabad. Their knowledge of the problems and
prospects of nursery rising as a profitable venture for tribal women was quite
a revelation to the experts present in the workshop. Its aim was that women
should involve actively in each and every stage of the farm forestry program. Skill Development Initiatives There are many governmental agencies, and the corporate sector that are working for the upliftment of the tribal areas specially providing skill training to the women. The goal of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is to hold responsibility and encourage a positive impact through its activities. Many Banks like Bank of Baroda has taken incitive to empower the rural and tribal women by providing small loans to start their own work. |
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| Conclusion | Anyhow many constitutional provisions and policies for the tribal population as whole, it is a hard reality that the tribal women are still casing in many aspects. In the least developmental process is the expansion of properties and capabilities of tribal women to control the influence which are accountable for affecting their lives. Skill development among rural and tribal women is the need of the time accordingly to make them confident, independent so they can be a part of decision making at home and outside. As it has been observed that in many tribes’ women’s are now engaged in small “Kuteer Udyog” like bamboo work, handicraft etc. and educating their children’s. There is a need on the part of the government and civil society to enable improvement in the quality of life of such weak sections of the Indian population. | ||||||
| Suggestions for the future Study | 1. To consider tribal women not only as worker but as latent contributors to the growth of the region and communities. 2. Women should be engaged in income engendering actions in home based or village-based industries. 3. Importance should be given to Women Friendly Special Projects to promote skills. 4. Tribal women should be facilitated to participate in productive work. 5. Farm forestry should be given more emphasis as it enhances the economic growth as well environmental evolution. 6. More NGOs and Self-Help Groups should come forward for skill development training program as it will control the migration of women from villages to nearby industrial areas. |
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| References | 1. Atchoarena, D. & Gasperini, L. (2003). Education for rural development: towards new policy responses. FAO, UNESCO.
2. Corporate social Responsibility, Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia.
3. Fluitman, F. (2002), Unpublished plenary discussion on the draft of the World Bank’s Skills Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Synthesis of a regional review. Edinburg University, September 2002.
4. Moser, C. (1989), Gender planning in the third world: Meeting practical and strategic gender needs, World Development 17 (11).
5. Page.N & C.E.Czuba (1999) “Empowerment: What is it?” Journal of Extension,Vol. 37.
6. Report of the Working Group on Skill Development and Vocational Training, Government of India, Planning Commission.
7. Sindhi, S. (2012). Prospect and challenges in Empowerment of Tribal Women. Journal of Humanities and social science, Vol.-6, pp-46-54.
8. Study conducted by FAO and UNESCO: Education for rural development: towards new policy responses co-ordinated and edited by David Atchoarena, Lavinia Gasperini, and UNESCO Publications.
9. The World Bank, FAO, IFAD, (2008) Gender and Rural Micro Finance: Reaching and empowering Women, Guide for practitioners. Module 3.
10. http://tribal.gov.in/ , Retrieved on 03 Apr 2010. |
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